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9:27 AM 10th December 2020
nature

Annual Mass Coral Spawning Brings New Life For The Great Barrier Reef

 
One of nature’s greatest spectacles, the annual mass coral spawning took place on the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia over the last few days. This reproduction event - which was only first discovered in 1981 - futureproofs the development of the next generation of coral, supported throughout the rest of the year by numerous science initiatives that nurture the preservation of this World Heritage Site.

Marine Biologist Gareth Phillips explains that the mass coral spawning is the single most important annual event in the Reef’s recovery processes during which the corals of the Reef show off their resilience.

Coral releasing egg and sperm bundles (spawn) during annual coral spawning eventCoral releasing egg and sperm bundles (spawn) during annual coral spawning event
Coral releasing spawn during world's largest reproductive eventCoral releasing spawn during world's largest reproductive event

“The Reef is beautiful, vibrant and resilient. But, after three mass coral bleaching events in five years, it is under greater pressure than ever.

“In many parts of the Reef, the shallow corals were hit really hard in bleaching events in 2016, 2017 and 2020. But those that survived are a genetic gold-mine of tough corals that have proved they can survive marine heatwaves.”



Stuart Ireland, underwater videographer at Calypso Productions and marine biologist is fortunate enough to have witnessed and documented coral spawning on the Great Barrier Reef in Tropical North Queensland for over 20 years.

“This year’s event was spectacular. We saw more corals spawning than we have in previous years.

“Many different species were spawning last night. From soft corals to hard corals. From massive corals to branching corals. We even saw mushroom corals spawning.”

What exactly is coral spawning?

Marine biologist Gareth Phillips explains that the majority of corals release their egg and sperm bundles (spawn) in December thanks to perfect water temperatures and a late November full moon.

“Coral spawning generally happens two to six days after a full moon in November when the water temperature has been over 27 degrees Celsius for a month prior. It also requires little tidal movement and mostly happens at night when plankton eaters are sleeping, giving the egg and sperm bundles a greater chance of fertilisation and survival.



“And while we are somewhat able to predict a timeframe for when it might happen, so much about this annual event is still a mystery, for example what exactly triggers the synchronised release.

“Most corals – 75 per cent – are hermaphrodites which means polyps are both male and female. These corals reproduce externally, producing both sperm and egg that is released in the water simultaneously during the annual coral spawning event.

“After the egg and sperm bundles are released, they slowly rise to the surface where they form a thick, brown slick. Now, the fertilisation process begins.

“Once fertilised, the eggs will develop into coral larva - called a planula - that can float in the water for several days or up to two months before settling on the ocean floor to start a brand-new coral colony. This is where new life begins for the corals of the Great Barrier Reef.”

What can we do to support the Reef?

“Year after year, this shows that despite the pressures on the Reef from climate change, there is still hope for the future,” GBRMPA Chief Scientist Dr David Wachenfeld adds.

“But we have to act now. We need the strongest possible global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and everyone on our planet can play a role in delivering a healthy Reef for future generations.

“We encourage the global community to visit the Reef when travel is possible again – because when you see it and fall in love with it, you ultimately want to help protect it.

“The Reef is an amazing sight at any time of year, but the coral spawning is one of nature’s greatest spectacles and incredible to witness. You just need to be in the right place at the right time to see it.”

Each year, dive operators along the Great Barrier Reef offer bespoke coral spawning trips ranging from an overnight dive tour to multi-day liveaboard experiences. Travellers can also base themselves at one of Queensland’s island resorts on the Great Barrier Reef to book a night dive during coral spawning.

For more information on coral spawning, and latest Covid 19 travel restrictions, visit queensland.com.